When does Keratoconus start?
Keratoconus is a chronic condition that causes the cornea to thin and bulge into a cone shape.
Figure 1: Corneal Topography of Keratoconus.
The onset of keratoconus typically occurs during the teenage years or early twenties, although it can begin earlier or later in life. The condition is a progressive eye disorder in which the cornea (the clear, dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye) becomes thinner and gradually bulges outward into a cone shape. This can cause blurred vision, distortion, and sensitivity to light.
Key factors in the onset of keratoconus include:
Age of Onset: Keratoconus most commonly starts during the late teens to early twenties, though it can manifest as early as childhood or in the late twenties to early thirties.
Progression: The condition often progresses over several years, with changes in vision becoming more noticeable. The cornea can continue to thin and change shape, affecting visual clarity and requiring interventions like glasses, contact lenses, or surgery.
Symptoms at Onset:
Blurry or distorted vision (often worsens over time).
Increased sensitivity to light (photophobia).
Frequent changes in glasses prescription.
Difficulty seeing at night.
Double vision.
Genetic Factors: Family history plays a significant role in the onset of keratoconus, with a higher likelihood if there is a relative with the condition.
Environmental and Behavioral Factors: Conditions like frequent eye rubbing, allergies, or exposure to UV light may also contribute to the onset or progression of keratoconus.
The exact cause of keratoconus is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Early detection and treatment are important to manage the condition and slow its progression.